Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: принудителна миграция
- CZ: nucená migrace
- DE: erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration
- EE: sundränne
- EN: forced migration
- ES: migración forzosa
- FI: pakkomuutto
- FR: migration forcée
- GA: imirce éigeantais
- GR: αναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráció
- IT: migrazione forzata
- LT: priverstinė migracija
- LV: piespiedu migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata
- NL: gedwongen migratie
- NO: tvangsmigrasjon
- PL: migracja przymusowa
- PT: migração forçada
- RO: migraţie forţată
- SE: tvångsmigration
- SK: nútená migrácia
- SL: prisilna migracija
A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: разселено лице по екологични причини
- CZ: enviromentální uprchlík
- DE: Umweltvertriebener
- EE: keskkonnapõhjustel ümberasustatud isik
- EN: environmentally displaced person
- ES: población desplazada por motivos medioambientales
- FI: ympäristötekijöiden vuoksi siirtymään joutunut
- FR: personne déplacée pour des raisons environnementales
- GA: duine easáitithe de dheasca dálaí comhshaoil
- GR: εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο (για περιβαλλοντικούς λόγους)
- HU: lakóhelyét környezeti okból elhagyni kényszerült személy
- IT: sfollato per motivi ambientali
- LT: dėl ekologinių priežasčių perkeltas asmuo
- LV: vides faktoru ietekmē pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata għal raġunijiet ambjentali
- NL: door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde (not commonly used in NL)
- NO: person fordrevet på grunn av miljøskader (b) / person fordriven på grunn av miljøskadar (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona z powodu środowiska naturalnego
- PT: deslocado ambiental
- RO: persoană strămutată din cauze legate de mediul înconjurător
- SE: fördriven person (på grund av miljökatastrof)
- SK: osoba vysídlená z environmentálnych dôvodov
- SL: okoljsko razseljena oseba
A person subject to forced migration as a result of sudden, drastic environmental changes.
Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes referred to as environmental refugees, but this is a misuse of the term 'refugee' as they are not refugees in the strict sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, although their migration is forced.
- BG: миграция
- CZ: migrace
- DE: Migration
- EE: ränne
- EN: migration
- ES: migración
- FI: muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus
- FR: migration
- GA: imirce
- GR: μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció
- IT: migrazione
- LT: migracija
- LV: migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni
- NL: migratie
- NO: migrasjon
- PL: migracja
- PT: migração
- RO: migraţie
- SE: migration
- SK: migrácia
- SL: migracija
In the EU context, the action by which a person either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU Member State or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines migration as follows: 'movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes'. This broad definition covers all forms of migration (voluntrary/forced migration, internal/international migration, long-term/short-term migration), different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal/irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.
3. Under the UN, the definition 'movements for shorter periods' would not be considered migration.